Med Scope
GENOMIC RESEARCH IN REPRODUCTION
GENOMIC RESEARCH IN REPRODUCTION
Gazanfer Wani MBBS [GOLDMEDALIST]and Ghulam,Mohyuddin Wani BVSC&AH,MVSC,PhD,Dr.Med.Vet [Germany]
WHY GENOMIC RESEARCH
The Genomic research is a low cost high input technology. The approach in the genomic format is a holistic one and not a reductionist one,which limits the scope of gene effects on other biological environment.
What is it
Reproductive processes
Ovarian oogenesis and folliculogenesis undergo complex physiological and morphological changes within the follicle, leading to cell differentiation and oocyte development. The gene expression and its interactions during oogenesis and folliculagenesis is difficult to be understood and explained without study of the whole process. The high-throughput arrays have become a powerful tool with which to compare the whole population of transcripts in a single experiment. This is where the genomics comes to play a role in the reproductive research.
Oocyte genomics
The study of the genomics of oocyte, granulose cells and theca cells needs the modern technologies for sequencing and annotation of genes involved. Many unknown sequence tags are involved. The example of the genomics in reproduction is the sheep models often called as natural mutant ewe models described. [Bonnet et al 2008]
Oocyte Genome and Ovulation
Mammalian ovaries have millions of oocytes .These oocytes are encased in primordial follicles, a flat granulose cell covering. Oestrus or cyclic activity initiates growth in these follicles, so that both the oocyte and the covering granulosa cells grow and move towards a possible ovulation. However, most of these follicles degenerate through Artesia. In growing follicles, only a few oocytes are capable to go through meiosis, fertilization and early embryo development to the blastocyst. These competent oocytes increase along with follicular cells. This pre –ovulatory -oocyte competence building is due to the storage of gene products (messenger RNA or protein) that support early stages of embryo development, before full activation of embryonic genome. OOCYTE GENOM ACTIVATION TIME The question often asked is when are these gene products stored in oocytes during early or late folliculogenesis . The experimental evidences support the view that they are stored as transcripts during early folliculogenesis, thus giving a hope to search much earlier the potential ovulating follicles on the basis of gene contents. COMPETENT OOCYTE POOL Once it is perfectly verified and techniques known to detect them a large pool of slaughter house oocyte may be screened to boost reproductive processes in animals and the assisted reproduction in women may be planned on new and more accurate success rates than those achieved at present. This competence is developed or is within oocyte during early folliculogenesis is known by the facts that antral follicles in vitro have not better or increased competence to ovulate. It is further known that oocytes secrete many factors which co-ordinate and regulate ovulation and even the surrounding cells . make them having this competence within and acquired at later stage of the folliculogenesis.
It might be a central role for the oocyte to stimulate the growth of itself and the surrounding cells once some initiation wake it up from the dormancy. Once proved this fact shall explain the act of parthenogenesis. Finally, in addition to their role in interfollicular regulation of ovulation rate, late folliculogenesis regulation and Artesia could also be seen as a selective process aimed at the elimination through follicular Artesia of oocytes that did not succeed to store proper gene products set during their growth.[Marmelord etal,2008,Hardy et al,2000} Nuclear receptor
GENOMIC RESEARCH IN REPRODUCTION
Gazanfer Wani MBBS [GOLDMEDALIST]and Ghulam,Mohyuddin Wani BVSC&AH,MVSC,PhD,Dr.Med.Vet [Germany]
WHY GENOMIC RESEARCH
The Genomic research is a low cost high input technology. The approach in the genomic format is a holistic one and not a reductionist one,which limits the scope of gene effects on other biological environment.
What is it?
The genomic research encompasses the genes and the biological system too. This type of study is better suited to the polygenic physiological processes like ovulation .Here both biological and physiological aspects of the system can be assessed and unveiled. {POMP ET AL 2001}Here mutigenetic and environmental effects are measured .
Reproductive processes
Ovarian oogenesis and folliculogenesis undergo complex physiological and morphological changes within the follicle, leading to cell differentiation and oocyte development. The gene expression and its interactions during oogenesis and folliculagenesis is difficult to be understood and explained without study of the whole process. The high-throughput arrays have become a powerful tool with which to compare the whole population of transcripts in a single experiment. This is where the genomics comes to play a role in the reproductive research.
Oocyte genomics
The study of the genomics of oocyte, granulose cells and theca cells needs the modern technologies for sequencing and annotation of genes involved. Many unknown sequence tags are involved. The example of the genomics in reproduction is the sheep models often called as natural mutant ewe models described. [Bonnet et al 2008]
Oocyte Genome and Ovulation
Mammalian ovaries have millions of oocytes .These oocytes are encased in primordial follicles, a flat granulose cell covering. Oestrus or cyclic activity initiates growth in these follicles, so that both the oocyte and the covering granulosa cells grow and move towards a possible ovulation. However, most of these follicles degenerate through Artesia. In growing follicles, only a few oocytes are capable to go through meiosis, fertilization and early embryo development to the blastocyst. These competent oocytes increase along with follicular cells. This pre –ovulatory -oocyte competence building is due to the storage of gene products (messenger RNA or protein) that support early stages of embryo development, before full activation of embryonic genome. OOCYTE GENOM ACTIVATION TIME The question often asked is when are these gene products stored in oocytes during early or late folliculogenesis . The experimental evidences support the view that they are stored as transcripts during early folliculogenesis, thus giving a hope to search much earlier the potential ovulating follicles on the basis of gene contents. COMPETENT OOCYTE POOL Once it is perfectly verified and techniques known to detect them a large pool of slaughter house oocyte may be screened to boost reproductive processes in animals and the assisted reproduction in women may be planned on new and more accurate success rates than those achieved at present. This competence is developed or is within oocyte during early folliculogenesis is known by the facts that antral follicles in vitro have not better or increased competence to ovulate. It is further known that oocytes secrete many factors which co-ordinate and regulate ovulation and even the surrounding cells . make them having this competence within and acquired at later stage of the folliculogenesis.
It might be a central role for the oocyte to stimulate the growth of itself and the surrounding cells once some initiation wake it up from the dormancy. Once proved this fact shall explain the act of parthenogenesis. Finally, in addition to their role in interfollicular regulation of ovulation rate, late folliculogenesis regulation and Artesia could also be seen as a selective process aimed at the elimination through follicular Artesia of oocytes that did not succeed to store proper gene products set during their growth.[Marmelord etal,2008,Hardy et al,2000}
About the Author
Pitt Med Scope and Scalpel – 01/11
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